Casting is one of the most confusing aspects of any modern language and it often makes beginners think hard. But if you know why you are doing it, then the how makes a lot more sense. We have encountered casting earlier in the context of strong typing but there is more to it. Find out in this extract from my new book, Deep C#: Dive Into Modern C#.

Deep C#

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 Chapter List

1. Why C#?
   
   I Strong Typing & Type Safety
2. Strong Typing
      Extract  Why Strong Typing
3. Value & Reference
4.    Extract Value And Reference
5. Structs & Classes
      Extract Structs & Classes 
6. Inheritance
      Extract Inheritance
   
7. Interfaces & Multiple Inheritance
      Extract Interface
   
8. Controlling Inheritance
   II Casting & Generics
9. Casting - The Escape From Strong Typing
      Extract Casting I ***NEW!
   
10. Generics
11. Advanced Generics
12. Anonymous & Dynamic
    Typing III Functions
13. Delegates
14. Multicast Delegates
15. Anonymous Methods, Lambdas & Closures
    IV Async
16. Threading, Tasks & Locking
17. The Invoke Pattern
18. Async Await
19. The Parallel For
    V Data - LINQ, XML & Regular Expressions
20. The LINQ Principle
21. XML
22. LINQ To XML
23. Regular Expressions
    VI Unsafe & Interop
24. Interop
25. COM
26. Custom Attributes
27. Bit Manipulation
28. Advanced Structs
29. Pointers 

Extra Material

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Casting

Casting, stating the type of an object to override variable typing, is an odd business that has found its way into many modern languages via C and C++. Both Java and C# make use of it to allow programmers to escape the confines of strong typing without being able to create anything too unsafe. The big problem is that it confuses two aspects of dealing with variables – type and representation.

Type is simply a system of classification that is used by strongly-typed languages to determine what sort of data a variable can store or reference. Type conversion can just mean changing the classification of an object or variable, or it can mean changing the actual representation of the data, for example from integer to floating point.

In an ideal world we wouldn’t need to convert or even mix types – an integer would always be combined with other integers and why would you ever want to convert an integer to a floating point number? Of course, if you want to write useful programs you have to allow a certain interplay between data types and this is where casting as conversion comes in.

Originally, in C, casting was all about type conversion and this is how it is usually introduced, but in fact there is more to it as there are some very confused semantics behind a simple piece of syntax – just write the type name in brackets in front of the variable you want to convert – but does this mean passive type conversion or active representation conversion?

What is worse is that most books on C# don’t venture very deeply into the idea beyond presenting the basic idea that casting is just type conversion. It’s actually more tricky, so let’s start simple with casting value types and then look at the more interesting reference type casting.